In 2025, the humanitarian and security crisis in Mali continues to displace thousands of Malians into Mauritania, particularly into the south-eastern border region of Hodh Chargui, where Mbera refugee camp is located. This influx of refugees is exacerbating the strain on services and natural resources in a region with high levels of multi-dimensional poverty (approx. 78%) and acutely vulnerable to climate-related shocks. Most new arrivals are choosing to settle in existing villages, requiring UNHCR and partners to expand the out-of-camp response to support both refugees and host communities, while maintaining activities in Mbera camp.