Do larger cash transfer interventions and graduation approaches improve longer run outcomes more cost effectively? A thought provoking study by Development Impact Evaluation Group (DIME) at the World Bank measures the cost-effectiveness of cash transfer and graduation programs. The paper challenges the conventional wisdom that the presence of poverty traps implies larger interventions are more cost effective. The study considers two approaches to increasing intervention size in the context of temporary unconditional cash transfers—larger transfers (intensity), and adding complementary graduation program interventions (scope). The theoretical and empirical results from the study ignites a much needed debate on the “cost-effectiveness” aspect with respect to increasing intervention size.