Almost three years since the Russian Federation launched its fullscale invasion of Ukraine, the protection and humanitarian needs remain vast among vulnerable populations inside Ukraine and among refugees in neighbouring countries. In Ukraine, the 2025 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) anticipates that some 12.7 million people will require urgent assistance and protection services, based on a country-wide Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA) that documented heightened levels of household vulnerability and protection risks because of the ongoing war. According to the HNRP, 3.6 million people remain displaced inside the country with some 160,000 people displaced from frontline areas in the east and south following an increase in evacuations between May-October 2024 as hostilities intensified. A further 6.3 million Ukrainians have sought refuge in Europe, with UNHCR’s assessments highlighting ongoing and emerging challenges, particularly as vulnerabilities increase over time. Inside Ukraine, UNHCR wi