This note is part of a study to measure self-reliance of refugees in Rwanda. The study comprises: (i) the development of a measurement tool to track a refugee household’s movement toward self-reliance; (ii) two rounds of panel survey data to pilot and refine the tool; and (iii) quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify key factors driving progress towards self-reliance. This note discusses some of the challenges of measuring selfreliance, especially of refugees, describes different approaches to defining and measuring self-reliance, and proposes a measure of self-reliance of refugees in Rwanda. The main objective of this note is to provide clarity on the definition of self-reliance of refugees in the context of Rwanda to help generate consensus among key partners, including government, and humanitarian and development partners.