The objective of the ‘Rwanda: Economic Activity and Opportunity for Refugee Inclusion’ study is to inform the design of the Socioeconomic Inclusion of Refugees and Host Communities Project (SEIRHCP) and to strengthen the joint UNHCR-Ministry in charge of Emergency Management (MINEMA) strategy for refugee economic inclusion. The study documents economic activities and opportunities in the six districts hosting refugees in Rwanda and proposes specific recommendations to enhance economic inclusion for refugees and host communities. The assessment is intended to ensure that the SEIRHCP design is grounded in a solid understanding of market demand. It also seeks to inform the ongoing revision of the joint UNHCR-MINEMA economic inclusion strategy by analyzing the wider economic context in which employment opportunities for refugees and host communities can be generated.The study was a rapid assessment of economic activity and opportunities for refugees and host communities.The study drew on three main data sources.