At the end of 2018, the international community in Zambia received reports of allegations of sexual exploitation in the Mantapala Refugee Settlement. There were allegedly two types of SEA during the emergency phase of the operation; sexual favors for work, CRIs, and shelter materials and sexual relationships between different stakeholders working in the settlement and refugees. There were allegations against a multitude of stakeholders simultaneously - Government, UN, NGO, contractors/suppliers, refugee incentive workers. Following the allegations of SEA in Mantapala Refugee settlement in Zambia, UNHCR adopted a three-prong approach; first, conducting an assessment of the quality and existence of overall protection services provided to refugees, secondly, facilitating a joint investigation of the allegations against a multitude of partners in order to ensure a victim-centered approach and, finally, conducting a comprehensive risk assessment of the operation to identify and prevent future risks of SEA.