The report examines refugees’ work rights in law and in practice across 51 countries that collectively host 87 percent of the world’s refugee population, including all of the top 22 refugee-hosting countries. We analyzed legal documents, country-level reports, and news articles, and surveyed hundreds of organizations that work with refugees to build a comprehensive picture of where and how refugees’ rights are restricted. While many countries have strong laws protecting refugee work rights, they impose administrative barriers in practice which limit refugees’ economic inclusion. We find that at least 55 percent of refugees live in countries where their right to work is significantly restricted in practice by these barriers, including the inability to get work or business permits, harassment from government officials, and / or restrictions on leaving refugee camps.