Mixed and onward movements of refugees and migrants continue to result in high-risk, life threatening journeys and pose significant and multifaceted challenges for States, host communities, and humanitarian actors across countries of origin, asylum, transit, and destination. In this context, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania and Morocco, the countries covered in this report, continue to be important destination, departure and transit countries for migratory movements in and beyond North Africa. The Route-Based Approach, offers a strategic framework to better understand and address the full complexity of mixed movements. It allows for targeted interventions at key points along the journey, from countries of origin to transit hubs and onward to destination. It is grounded in the idea that protection and solutions must be brought closer to people along the route. All four countries covered in this report are signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention, with Algeria, Mauritania and Morocco currently developing