This note responds to growing queries from civil society, Member States, partners, and donors regarding the distinctions and complementarities between UNHCR’s Multi-Purpose Hubs (MPHs), IOM’s Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) and IFRC Humanitarian Service Points (HSPs). These models are increasingly referenced as practical expressions of the route-based approach. While they stem from different institutional origins, in many operational contexts they serve refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrants alike, depending on needs and established referral pathways. Clarifying how each model functions, and how they complement one another, is essential to strengthen inter-agency coordination, avoid duplication, and maximize complementarities and operational coherence along routes.